tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-61796844534765646972024-03-14T08:31:14.574-07:00Mwahaki King.Foreign Policy Analyst • GIS Mapping Specialist • Bookseller • Freelance Writer & PhotographerIt's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comBlogger19125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-80928327795210539792020-04-01T13:01:00.019-07:002023-02-19T17:09:44.999-08:00INTERVIEWS & RECOMMENDATIONS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span><font face="georgia"><div dir="ltr" style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><font face="georgia">Feb 2023</font></span></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: large;"><font face="georgia">In <i>Publishers Weekly</i>:<b> </b></font></span><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/authors/interviews/article/91561-any-means-necessary-pw-talks-with-paul-kix.html" target="_blank">Any Means Necessary: PW Talks with Paul Kix</a></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><font face="georgia"><br /></font></span></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><font face="georgia">March 2021</font></span></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>In </span><i>Buzzfeed.com</i><span>: </span><a href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ariannarebolini/spring-2021-books-independent-bookstores" target="_blank">42 Great Books To Read This Spring, Recommended By Our Favorite Indie Booksellers</a></span></div><b><div dir="ltr" style="font-size: x-large; text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-size: x-large; text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-size: large;">June 2020</span></b></div></b></font></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">In </span><i style="font-size: large;">Buzzfeed.com</i><span style="font-size: large;">:</span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><font face="georgia" size="4"><a href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ariannarebolini/summer-reading-best-books-independent-bookstores" target="_blank">38 Great Books To Read This Summer, Recommended By Our Favorite Indie Booksellers</a></font></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><font face="" size="4"><b><br /></b></font></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><font face="georgia" size="4">In <i>Bookshop.org:</i></font></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><font face="georgia" size="4">Reading Lists curated for Papercuts J.P. Bookstore</font></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><a href="https://bookshop.org/lists/black-lives-matter-a-reading-list-for-change" style="font-size: large;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Black Lives Matter! A Reading List for Change</span></a></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://bookshop.org/lists/anti-racist-reading-for-kids-young-adults" target="_blank">Anti-Racist Reading for Kids & Young Adults</a></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://bookshop.org/lists/mwahaki-king-s-favorites-for-kids" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Mwahaki King's Favorites For Kids!!</span></a></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><font face="georgia" size="4"><a href="https://bookshop.org/lists/mwahaki-s-favorites-adult-fiction-non-fiction" target="_blank">Mwahaki's Favorites :) - Adult Fiction & Non-Fiction</a></font></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><font face="georgia" size="4"><a href="https://bookshop.org/lists/libros-en-espanol" target="_blank">Libros en Español</a></font></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><font face="" size="4"><b><br /></b></font></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><font face="georgia"><span style="font-size: large;">In <i>Boston.com</i>: </span><font face="" size="4"><a href="https://www.boston.com/news/books/2020/06/05/boston-bookstores-anti-racist-book-lists" target="_blank">Boston-area bookstores are sharing anti-racist reading lists. Here’s what’s on them.</a></font></font></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">March 2020</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">In <i>The Boston Globe:</i><a href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/03/13/arts/wondering-what-read-while-stuck-home-try-these-10-engrossing-fiction-suggestions-local-booksellers/" target="_blank"> Wondering what to read while stuck at home? Try these 10 engrossing fiction suggestions from local booksellers</a></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">February 2020</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">In <i>American Booksellers Association, Bookselling this Week:</i> <a href="https://www.bookweb.org/news/indie-bookstores-celebrate-black-history-month-576278" target="_blank">Indie Bookstores Celebrate Black History Month</a></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">June 2019</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">In <i>The Boston Globe: </i><a href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/books/2019/06/06/performing-hallucinatory-poetry-nantucket-book-fest-highlights/VCR5tPWP7Gk3FKUxOXBzdI/story.html" target="_blank">Performing hallucinatory poetry, Nantucket book fest highlights</a></span></div>
It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-80860328677955408202020-04-01T12:37:00.004-07:002023-01-15T14:13:52.739-08:00CONTACT<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">To contact Mwahaki King, you may reach out to one of the addresses below based on the nature of your question:</span></span><br />
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It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-5830993889857945162020-03-31T12:42:00.015-07:002023-12-27T13:37:55.474-08:00ABOUT<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0_BlA85C9yFors44IaswXfKh0GrTHlFcphkDOdGCn9OC3ZOdsSQW8Zngs7IYeBRLbf0Akzg6EfBZZyfvvHV_PTIxQweKpfkUe6Qh4o7bAufFDaaORvmpiMYbT5L-ly0SOZaILXwEOXb0F/s1600/Mwahaki+King.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="511" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0_BlA85C9yFors44IaswXfKh0GrTHlFcphkDOdGCn9OC3ZOdsSQW8Zngs7IYeBRLbf0Akzg6EfBZZyfvvHV_PTIxQweKpfkUe6Qh4o7bAufFDaaORvmpiMYbT5L-ly0SOZaILXwEOXb0F/w213-h320/Mwahaki+King.jpg" width="213" /></a></div><h2 style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; text-decoration-line: underline;">About Mwahaki King:</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;"><br /></span></div><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><div style="text-align: left;">Mwahaki King is by profession a foreign policy analyst and international programming specialist with experience in university administration and international student programming. She holds a master's degree from The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, where she focused on the administrative inner workings of international organizations such as The United Nations and European Union, as well as the thematic issues of socioeconomic development in The Caribbean and foreign policy in the Middle East.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Ms. King has professional experience working with non-profits on development issues, and with universities and high schools on administration, admissions, and international student programming. She is comfortable working </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">in</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> dynamic, fast-paced multi-cultural environments and able to multitask efficiently. She works well both independently or as part of a team. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></div></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-kerning: none;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-kerning: none;">Ms. King also has several years of experience in bookselling & publishing. She has served as a member of the New England Independent Booksellers Association (NEIBA) Advisory Council. </span>She is deeply passionate about reading and the transformative power of books to impact people's lives in a positive way. This passion has given her extensive knowledge of frontlist and backlist titles in the following genres: Adult Fiction, Adult Nonfiction, Young Adult, Middle Grade, and Children's Illustrated. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-kerning: none;"><div style="text-align: left;">Ms. King also works on freelance projects as a Photographer, GIS Mapping Specialist, Book Reviewer, Copywriter, and Copy Editor. Literary recommendations she has provided to magazines and news outlets, samples of the maps she has made using ArcGIS software, articles she has written, and a portfolio of her photography can all be found on this website. References are available upon request.</div></span></span></h2>
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<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Writing inquiries regarding your brand, blog or company: <span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><a href="mailto:writing@mwahakiking.com" target="_blank">writing@mwahakiking.com</a></span></span></li>
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<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Photography inquiries regarding your brand, blog or company: <span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><a href="mailto:photography@mwahakiking.com" target="_blank">photography@mwahakiking.com</a></span></span></li>
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<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">GIS Mapping Inquiries: <span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><a href="mailto:gis@mwahakiking.com" target="_blank">gis@mwahakiking.com</a></span></span></li>
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<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">For All Other General Inquiries: <a href="mailto:contact@mwahakiking.com" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">contact@mwahakiking.com</span></a></span></li>
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It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-9636959670689400732020-03-31T12:40:00.006-07:002023-02-19T15:09:48.563-08:00Valentine’s Day Reading: A Review of Josie Silver’s “One Day in December”<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Now you may be wondering why I would recommend a book for Valentine’s Day if it has <i>December</i> in the title, but trust me Josie Silver’s debut novel is full of enough charm, realism and tender moments to melt even the iciest hearts this Valentine’s Day. Across London, Scotland, Bali and Australia, we follow the friendship and foibles of Laurie, Jack and Sarah for almost ten years. While the central story is an emotional connection between Laurie and Jack with the romantic fervour to rival Love Actually; <i>“One Day in December”</i> is so much more than a simple love story. It is a highly relatable tale of one’s twenties, wherein Silver expertly addresses the themes of friendship, change and overall turbulence the decade carries in shaping the people we become.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i>“One Day in December”</i> opens with Laurie heading home on the bus after a rotten day at work on a dreary December afternoon. Out of the window she spots Jack sitting in a bus shelter; he sees her and the connection between them is immediate, intense and utterly electric. Unfortunately, the bus speeds off before Jack has a chance to get on, and Laurie spends a year scouring every pub in London for this mystery-boy-from-the-bus-stop. She eventually finds him! When he is introduced to Laurie at her best friend Sarah’s party…as Sarah’s new boyfriend. Neither Laurie nor Jack mentions the moment at the bus stop to Sarah. Instead, the two attempt to bury their feelings and stay platonic for Sarah’s sake. </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Over ten years, we see the development of a profoundly beautiful friendship between three people; but one that is also authentic in its imperfection. </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Silver presents genuine characters that you can’t stop rooting for, despite their very human flaws. We learn of Laurie’s struggles with grief and loss, the way in which Sarah’s perfectionism masks deep vulnerabilities, and Jack’s inner demons threaten to derail his natural talent and ambition if he’s not careful. While many of the pivotal moments in the novel take place during the holiday season; the universal themes of love, loss, friendship and growth explored in this book make it an exciting and engaging story to get lost in any time of the year.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Silver has delivered a stunning read. If you’re in the mood for a modern romance full of unexpected turns and surprises, a nuanced cast of characters and an unshakable bond between two people; then grab a cup of tea and flip open <i>“One Day in December”</i>. Whether you’ve found your perfect person or you’re still on the hunt for Mr./Mrs. Right, <i>“One Day in December”</i> is a great book to curl up with this Valentine’s Day. It will make even the most cynical heart believe in love again!</span></div>
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It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-30355564929087880372018-06-06T19:56:00.002-07:002020-04-23T11:35:16.142-07:00Saving South Asia: How the Negative Effects of Climate Change in South Asia Will Create Some of the Greatest Security Challenges of the Twenty-First Century<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Mwahaki King</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">Spring</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> 2015</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">B.A. Diplomacy and World Affairs || Occidental College</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">M.A. Law and Diplomacy || The Fletcher School, Tufts University </span></span></div>
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<i style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Saving South Asia:</i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> How the Negative Effects of Climate Change in South Asia Will Create Some of the Greatest Security Challenges of the Twenty-First Century</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Background</b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">This paper proceeds from the assumption that addressing the effects of climate change in South Asia will be one of the greatest but also one of the most important challenges of the twenty first century. According to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), temperatures are predicted to rise worldwide by 0.6 to 4 degrees Celsius by the end of the 21st Century. Specifically for South Asia, the temperature is expected to rise on average by 3.3 degrees (Celsius) but could reach a maximum of 4.7 degrees (Celsius).Temperature rises on the Tibetan Plateau have already started glacial retreats in the Himalayas. Furthermore, these increased temperatures will have a profound effect on sea levels. Sea levels are expected to rise between 0.18 and 0.59 meters, and that is without taking into account the possible rapid changes from ice flows. The IPCC predicts that the cities of<i> Thatta</i> and <i>Badin</i> in Sindh, Pakistan will be entirely submerged by 2025. Today, sea level rises have already submerged low-lying islands in the UNESCO World Heritage Site, <i>The Sundarbans </i>in Bengal<i>.</i> <i>The Sundarbans</i> is one of the largest mangrove forests in the world, covering approximately 10,000 square kilometers and thousands of people have already been displaced due to increased sea levels. This information provides the statistical foundation for the progression of this paper. </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Focusing primarily on India and Bangladesh, it is evident that climate change will have a powerful impact on national and international security and the overall future of South Asia.</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="font-kerning: none;">The major security threats will be the high levels of forced migration due to increased temperatures and rising sea levels; and elevated levels of wide-scale poverty due to the loss of agricultural livelihoods. A large influx of climate refugees will place a huge burden on economic resources and increase social tension. Moreover, the massive unemployment will lead to a disillusioned, disenfranchised population. Such populations are historically more susceptible to violent activity. </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"> According to the IPCC if global temperatures rise by even 2 degrees Celsius, 7 million people will be displaced due to the submersion of parts of Mumbai and Chennai. Furthermore, according to The Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, if the IPCC predictions are actualized, India’s GDP would fall by 9 percent due to climate related reasons. This is due in large part to unpredictable seasons for major crops particularly rice, whose production is predicted to fall by 40 percent. Climate change in India will have a disproportionate impact on the more than 400 million people living in poverty in there, as most of them depend on natural resources for their food, shelter and income. More than 56 percent of people in India work in agriculture, while many others earn their living in coastal areas.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Adding to the economic and societal strains placed on India, will be the effects climate change will have on neighboring Bangladesh. India's North Eastern state of <i>Meghalaya</i> will be severely impacted by an influx of refugees coming into the state as increased sea levels swallow the low lying areas of Bangladesh. Due to the high levels of rainfall, <i>Meghalaya </i>once was home to the two wettest places in the world, <i>Cherrapunji </i>and <i>Mawsynram</i>. However, in recent years climate change has led to a sparse and sporadic rainfall pattern and severe dry seasons, damaging the livelihoods of villagers in the area that cultivate maize. As such, the state can ill-afford refugees from Bangladesh.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Bangladesh however, has been one of the first countries to feel the full brunt of climate change. The Asian Disaster Preparedness Center recently reported that Bangladesh “is already under pressure from increasing demands for food and the parallel problems of depletion of agricultural land and water resources from overuse and contamination. Climate variability and projected global climate change makes the issue particularly urgent.” [1]</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Bangladesh only contributes 0.1 percent of the world’s emissions related to pollution with 2.4 percent of the world’s population. In contrast, the United States makes up approximately 5 percent of the world's population, yet produces approximately 25 percent of the pollution that causes global warming.[2] Roughly two-thirds of the Bangladeshi population is employed in the agriculture sector and similarly to India, rice is the most important crop. As climate change threats increase, Bangladesh will lose large amounts of land along its coast line, decimating the industry. Apart from the economic instability, this loss of land will also be highly destructive nationally and internationally due to the loss of livelihood and forced migration, respectively. </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Ultimately, climate change will lead to instability due to massive economic and social strains, thus creating considerable national and international security challenges. The Asian Disaster Preparedness Center has made two interesting suggestions to address the climate related threats to national and international security, namely:</span></div>
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<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="font-kerning: none;">A high-level climate workshop for vulnerable cities, through which they can learn resilience measures from one another.</span></li>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="font-kerning: none;">A dialogue on migration</span></li>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Historically, mankind has a precedent of ignoring the dangerous implications of climate on national and international stability to our detriment. As Geoffrey Parker asserts when discussing “The Little Ice Age” in seventeenth century Europe: </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">The failure of most historians to exploit the data available…for the seventeenth century is particularly regrettable, because an intense episode of global cooling coincided with an unparalleled spate of revolutions and state breakdowns around the world… Europe saw only three years of complete peace during the entire seventeenth century, while the Ottoman empire enjoyed only ten. The Chinese and Mughal empires fought wars almost continuously. Throughout the northern hemisphere, war became the norm for resolving both domestic and international problems. [3]</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">It is clear that climate change can lead to political, economic and social upheaval. Hopefully, our current generation has learned from these mistakes and will realize that cooperation is vital to mitigating the negative effects of climate change worldwide. Thus, if the high level climate workshop was expanded beyond the partners currently being discussed (New York, Dhaka and Mumbai) to include other vulnerable cities in Europe such as London and Amsterdam and Small Island Developing States in the Caribbean, the dialogue would be much more effective and the states would be far more equipped, due to cooperation and comparative analysis. Similarly, the dialogue on migration could be a potent force if it focuses on positive immigration reform, rather than the stricter deportation laws currently being discussed. More stringent deportation laws will only increase suffering and resentment, whereas proactive integration measures could harness the skills of refugee population and increase national economic stability. </span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><u><b>FOOTNOTES:</b></u></span></div>
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1. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Climate Change, Migration and Conflict in South Asia: Rising Tensions and Policy Options Across the Subcontinent: </span><a href="https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/report/2012/12/03/46382/climate-change-migration-and-conflict-in-south-asia/" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(5, 99, 193); color: #0563c1;">https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/report/2012/12/03/46382/climate-change-migration-and-conflict-in-south-asia/</span></a><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">2. </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Bangladesh." MERIC. 18 Oct 2008. 18 Oct. 2008. http://www.ded.mo.gov/researchandplanning/indicators/international/ cty5380.stm </span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">3.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Parker, Geoffrey. </span><i style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Global crisis: war, climate change and catastrophe in the seventeenth century</i><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">. Yale University Press, 2013. Prologue xvii</span></div>
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It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-70796160407755607742018-06-04T20:19:00.001-07:002020-04-23T11:38:10.470-07:00Restorative Justice, Gender and the National Psyche: A Review of Antjie Krog’s Country of My Skull: Guilt, Sorrow and the Limits of Forgiveness in the New South Africa <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-kerning: none;">M.A. Law and Diplomacy || The Fletcher School, Tufts University </span><br />
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Restorative Justice, Gender and the National Psyche</i>: A Review of Antjie Krog’s Country of My Skull: Guilt, Sorrow and the Limits of Forgiveness in the New South Africa </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Antjie Krog’s </span><i style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Country of My Skull: Guilt, Sorrow, and the Limits of Forgeiveness in the New South Africa</i><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">,</span><i style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> is</i><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> a searing literary and psychological analysis of the complex nature of the apartheid system in South Africa. As a renowned poet and journalist, Krog expertly weaves prose and poetry with her journalistic coverage and personal experiences to examine the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in South Africa. Krog also insightfully brings the notion of gender into her analysis, a feature that is often lacking in examinations of South Africa’s TRC.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Often, the immediate legal response to human rights violations is retributive justice. However, depending on the nature of the conflict, this can sometimes be a flaw in the discussion surrounding the legal repercussions of international law and human rights abuses. The apartheid regime systematically breached laws related to the basic human rights of its citizens and the democratically elected African National Congress (ANC) government chose to address the legal aspect of these human rights transgressions through an innovative system of restorative justice. It was believed that such a system was more intrinsic to traditional African principles [1]. Thus, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was born.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The TRC in South Africa emerged in response to the oppressive apartheid regime that was active in South Africa for almost fifty years[2]. It is evident that given the history of South Africa the nation as a whole was exhausted from the state of war and struggle that had existed under apartheid. This, coupled with the inherently aggressive and insidiously brutal nature of apartheid argued for a radically different system of justice. If the country was to move forward from the atrocities of apartheid, an attempt to reverse the internalized nature of violence permeating South African society needed to be employed and the restorative system clearly favored this endeavor. The philosophy was encapsulated best by Archbishop Desmond Tutu; one of the Commission’s dynamic architects (the other most notably being Nelson Mandela) when he said ''you can only be human in a humane society. If you live with hatred and revenge in your heart, you dehumanize not only yourself, but your community''[3] and that “We are not seeking to humiliate them [the perpetrators of human rights violations] or even persecute them…we’re saying that truth and lies and evil are things that matter and we<i> must</i> acknowledge them.”[4] </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As with all judiciary models, this system of restorative justice faced challenges and criticisms. Apart from the controversial inclusion of amnesties, and the exorbitant reliance the Commission placed on faith and the Catholic tradition of confession; the TRC has also faced criticisms regarding the parity between the trials of ANC militants and Afrikaner police, the lack of appropriate reparations for those who participated in the process and its gender-blind approach to investigations, a particular criticism that is more glaring today than it would have been in 1996. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Country of My Skull</i> provides a more gendered analysis of the horrors of apartheid than most of Krog’s contemporary commentators on the TRC. In a particularly powerful and harrowing chapter entitled “Truth is a Woman”, she outlines the limitations of South African law when defining rape, the gratuitous and deliberate acts of violence specifically meted out against women [5] under the regime and thus the few women willing to speak openly and testify about rape [6] and other forms of sexual violence that occurred. Additionally, Krog addresses how notions of race, masculinity and femininity interacted with disastrous consequences at the hands of apartheid perpetrators:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Mthintso [Chairperson of the Gender Commission] says a man who didn’t break under torture was respected by the police. “There was a sense of respect, where torturers would even say: ‘He is a man’. But a woman’s refusal to bow down would unleash the wrath of the torturers. Because in their own discourse a woman, a black <i>meid</i>, a <i>kaffermeid</i> at that, had no right to have the strength to withstand them.”[7]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Krog’s work also cleverly notices and outlines the ways men manipulated language to distance themselves from the rape and sexual violence they experienced during apartheid. Often men, subsume these experiences within the vague rhetoric of “torture” rather than the explicit wording of rape:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Men don’t use the word “rape” when they testify. They talk about being sodomized, or about iron rods being inserted into them. In so doing, they make rape a women’s issue. By denying their own sexual subjugation to male brutality, they form a brotherhood with rapists that conspires against their own wives, mothers, and daughters [8]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Inevitably, the book is an extension of Krog and as such demonstrates her attempt to grapple with the extent of human cruelty, resistance and resilience; and ultimately to comprehend where she and fellow journalists, Afrikaners and black South Africans, victims and perpetrators would fit into the “new South Africa” that was to emerge in the wake of apartheid.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Bibliography</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Krog, Antjie. <i>Country of My Skull: Guilt, Sorrow, and the Limits of Forgiveness in the New South Africa</i>. New York: Three Rivers, 1998. Print.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Moyers, Bill.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><i style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Facing the Truth</i><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). 1999. Videocassette.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"><u><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Footnotes</span></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">1.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> As seen in the introduction to Krog’s work, “The final clauses of South Africa’s interim constitution read as follows: The adoption of this Constitution lays the secure foundation for the people of South Africa to transcend the divisions and strife of the past, which generated gross violations of human rights, the transgression of humanitarian principles in violent conflicts and a legacy of hatred, fear, guilt and revenge. These can now be addressed on the basis that there is a need for understanding but not vengeance, a need for reparation but nor for retaliation, a need for ubuntu [the African philosophy of humanism] but not victimization” Antjie Krog. </span><i style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Country of My Skull: Guilt, Sorrow, and the Limits of Forgiveness in the New South Africa.</i><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> New York: Three Rivers, 1998. Print. Introduction vi.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">2.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> Racial segregation began in South Africa under Dutch colonialism, but “Apartheid” as a government-mandated policy was institutionalized after the general election of 1948 and was not officially dismantled until 1994, with the success of the African National Congress (ANC) in the election of April 1994.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">3.</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> Antjie Krog. <i>Country of My Skull: Guilt, Sorrow, and the Limits of Forgiveness in the New South Africa.</i></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">New York: Three Rivers, 1998. Print. p. 143</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">4.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Bill Moyers. </span><i style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Facing the Truth</i><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). 1999. Videocassette.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">5.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">“‘Then things happened that could not happen to a man. Your sexuality was used to strip away your dignity, to undermine your sense of self…You had to strip in front of a whole range of policemen making remarks about your body. Women had to do star-jumps naked, breasts flying. Fallopian tubes were flooded until they burst; rats were pushed into vaginas…Women have been made to stand the whole day with blood flowing down and drying on their legs. Did they [torturers] gain strength from looking at their [women’s] blood? From asking you to drink your own blood?’ asks Mthintso [Chairperson of the Gender Commission]” pp.235-6. Krog</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">6.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> “Women who have been raped know that if they talk about it now in public, they will lose something again - privacy, maybe respect…Another deterrent is that some of the rapists hold high political positions today – so if you spoke out you would not only undermine the new government you fought for, but destroy your own possibilities of a future” pp. 239-40. Krog</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">7.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> Krog. p.236</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">8.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Ibid. p. 240</span></span></div>
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It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-61449299145721935662018-03-31T20:29:00.004-07:002023-02-19T16:04:03.375-08:00Protoje’s Powerful New Single - Blood Money<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;">“Come take a look inna Jamaica, injustice in the place. If what you see nuh really faze you, then you ah di problem weh we face too.”- Protoje</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;"><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal"><i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/etdnIFC4erw" width="320" youtube-src-id="etdnIFC4erw"></iframe></div></i></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia, serif; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: right;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia, serif; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: right;">Video Source: Protoje’s YouTube Channel | https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYZo7CbLJjjfEOqYwknzzow</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;">If you are Jamaican or have any ties to the country, you’ll know that it has been a harrowing time for the nation recently. Despite its reputation, Jamaica has been anything but paradise in the past months as the tropical isle is once again being choked by the vice-like grip of crime and violence. </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;">Now, high levels of crime and violence are hardly a new phenomenon for the country</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;">. According to the United Nations, Jamaica had the highest murder rate globally in 2005 and it remains one of the highest today<a href="file:///F:/Blogs/ProtojeBloodMoney.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;">[1]</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;">. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;">Violent elements of the nation’s history are seen in <i>“Blood Money”</i> with references to the Tivoli Incursion of 2010<a href="file:///F:/Blogs/ProtojeBloodMoney.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;">[2]</span></span></span></a> and the long-standing institutionalized nature of corruption through patronage politics<a href="file:///F:/Blogs/ProtojeBloodMoney.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;">[3]</span></span></span></a>.</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;"> Historically, such political corruption has cost Jamaica approximately US$18 billion<a href="file:///F:/Blogs/ProtojeBloodMoney.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;">[4]</span></span></span></a>. However, al</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;">though high levels crime and violence are not new, this does not make them acceptable. Furthermore, crime and violence should not be allowed to spiral out of control unchallenged. As Protoje states, <i>“If you build it pon crime then crime will haffi find you, and that’s how it’s been always. That nuh frustrate you like it do to me?”</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;">It should be said that while violent crime levels in Jamaica were higher than others with a similar per capita profile, they were on the decline nationally until recently. Now, there is a different atmosphere in the air. The general lawlessness, not to mention the elevated abduction and murder of women and girls has struck a chord with the populace. The volatile situation has inspired small scale protests and widespread fear throughout the island. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;">Moreover, while the situation in Jamaica is alarming; violence, political corruption and socioeconomic stratification are not solely Jamaican issues. As such, Protoje’s single <i>“Blood Money”</i> could not have come at a more appropriate time. Its articulate depiction of the current state of affairs in the country and its call for change are sure to resonate with concerned Jamaicans, reggae aficionados and contemporary viewers of global politics alike.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;">“Mi nah watch no face, beg no more pardon. A nuff drugs money deh ah Cherry Gardens</span></i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;">”. From the song’s inception Protoje forces the listener to sit up and pay attention with this reference to the affluent St. Andrew suburb just outside the capital. The lyric demonstrates that appearances are not always as they seem and that people from privileged areas of Jamaican society are rarely held accountable for their crimes; while those from lower socioeconomic classes are often made the scapegoats. After all, <i>“no real bad man a go [police] station.”</i> It is one of the uncomfortable truths that we must challenge and change if we are to move forward and progress as a nation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;">While lyrically, <i>"Blood Money"</i> explores complex themes of corruption, social stratification and violence; the composition and artistry displayed in the song's production<i> </i>must also be recognised. Taj Francis provides exquisite imagery in the Official Audio Video for the single, seen below. As beautiful as they are haunting; the detailed illustrations of gun-wielding children, melting monuments and landmarks ablaze, set against a stark red background will stay with you long after the final refrain. Furthermore, the chilling staccato nature of the piano notes during the chorus was an inspired musical choice. <i>“A blood money run the nation”</i> rings out against this musical backdrop, subtly differentiating chorus from verse while subconsciously capturing the fear and frustration presently felt in Jamaican society</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 19.26px;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px;">An honest and powerful social commentary, Protoje’s <i>“Blood Money”</i> is a searing indictment of the hypocrisy and corruption that plagues Jamaican politics and the deeply classist society at large. A pivotal song for our time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///F:/Blogs/ProtojeBloodMoney.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.2667px;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">"Crime, violence and development: trends, costs, and policy options in the Caribbean". United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. p. 37 <a href="http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Caribbean-study-en.pdf">http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Caribbean-study-en.pdf</a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///F:/Blogs/ProtojeBloodMoney.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.2667px;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Since Jamaica’s independence in 1962, governance has been dominated by two political parties: the People’s National Party (PNP) and the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP). In the late 1960s both parties began to create “garrison communities” to secure political votes and seats in parliament. Garrison communities were towns and neighborhoods controlled by gang leaders or “dons” who ensured the community’s loyalty to a specific political party through extortion and violence towards its residents. In return, these “dons” received financial rewards from the political party with which they were affiliated, and thus maintained a profound level of power within the community. Tivoli Gardens is one such garrison community. According to Rupert Lewis in “Party Politics in Jamaica and the Extradition of Christopher ‘Dudus’ Coke”,<i> “Some 20 per cent of all constituencies and approximately 60 per cent of all urban constituencies have already been fully or partially garrisoned. Within a political constituency, a garrison is an area controlled by a leader or don who dispenses scarce benefits and violence in order to keep the constituents aligned to a particular party. This control enables an electoral candidate to win the seat by a large majority and become the Member of Parliament. Garrisons are therefore a central part of the political system because they provide “safe” political seats. Moreover, garrison constituents may assist in the task of political mobilization in other constituencies. Tivoli Gardens has been the main symbol of a garrison, but it is one of several and was deemed special, largely because it was well-armed and organized, had its own mechanisms for dispensing justice, and was informally outside the purview of the state until May 2010. The extradition of Coke and the subordination of Tivoli Gardens to the rule of law are the first major assaults on garrison politics and the power of dons whose financial and gun power give them influence, putting them in a position to significantly determine the outcomes of both local and national politics</i>.” (p.41). However, with over 70 civilians and 3 military personnel killed within a matter of days during The Tivoli Incursion, the country remains divided. Some argue that it was a regrettable but necessary cost to begin to promote rule of law in Jamaica and relinquish ties with drug lords. Others argue that rule of law cannot come at the expense of the civilian population, particularly a population that has been historically alienated and excluded from the wider Jamaican society due to classism and racial prejudice. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///F:/Blogs/ProtojeBloodMoney.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.2667px;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> “</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><i>Another parallel development in this process was the normalization of contracts to dons connected with both political parties. Under this structuring of politics, the Jamaican people saw their material, social, personal, and human life freedoms eroded as there was anemic economic growth, the rise of inequality, the escalation of the debt to GDP ratio of just under 140%, and the rise of the homicide rate to a high of 1,680 murders in 2009 (in a population of 2.7 million people.</i>”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Rupert Lewis. “Party Politics in Jamaica and the Extradition of Christopher “Dudus” Coke”. <i>The Global South</i> p.43; <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/globalsouth.6.1.38">http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/globalsouth.6.1.38</a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///F:/Blogs/ProtojeBloodMoney.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.2667px;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> National Integrity Action. The Cost of Corruption: Jamaica’s Barrier to Prosperity <a href="http://niajamaica.org/news-media/videos?jut1=2">http://niajamaica.org/news-media/videos?jut1=2</a> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-35345692148790243282018-03-31T20:23:00.001-07:002023-02-19T15:26:18.721-08:00A Delight for Both Bibliophiles and Music Lovers: Mitch Albom's The Magic Strings of Frankie Presto <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Source: </span><a href="http://www.mwahakikingphotography.com/" style="font-family: georgia, serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mwahaki
King Photography</span></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Well,
Mitch Albom (</span><i style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Tuesdays with Morrie, The Five People You Meet in Heaven)</i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">
has captured our hearts and imaginations once again! This time with his latest
novel, </span><i style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.mitchalbom.com/books/magic-strings-of-frankie-presto/" target="_blank">The Magic Strings of Frankie Presto</a></i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">. The story is narrated by the
talent, Music, as it recaps the life one of its favorite prodigies, Frankie
Presto. We follow Frankie, orphaned after a tumultuous birth in war-stricken
Francoist Spain, as he is mentored by an elderly blind guitar teacher until
turmoil and danger force the teacher to send Frankie away to America at nine
years old, with nothing but a guitar. Frankie soon learns that when he plays
the guitar in dire circumstances, the strings turn blue, and his music can
change and even save lives. </span></p></span></span></div>
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<div style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Throughout
the novel we see Frankie chatting with Hank Williams, partying with The Beatles
and performing with Elvis Presley and Little Richard. He finds the love of his
life and rises from poverty to become one of the world's most famous musicians;
but disillusioned with fame and overwhelmed by the burden of his supernatural
talent, he turns away from the world becoming a recluse. That is until one
puzzling, albeit spellbinding final performance.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"> Albom's fiction, as seen in <i><a href="http://www.mitchalbom.com/books/time-keeper/" target="_blank">The Time Keeper</a>
</i>and <i><a href="http://www.mitchalbom.com/books/first-phone-call-from-heaven/" target="_blank">The First Phone Call from Heaven</a></i>, has a fervent grasp on magical
realism akin to that of García Márquez; a skill rarely seen in contemporary
writing. <i><a href="http://www.mitchalbom.com/books/magic-strings-of-frankie-presto/" target="_blank">The Magic Strings of Frankie Presto</a></i> continues in that vein. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">To
complement the evocative prose, Albom has also created an <a href="http://www.mitchalbom.com/now-available-the-magic-strings-of-frankie-presto-a-musical-companion/" target="_blank">accompanying soundtrack</a> of the songs that Frankie and his friends and family performed in
the novel. The album is available through iTunes, AmazonMP3, Barnes & Noble
and Spotify. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Frankie
Presto tale's while fascinating to observe, also forces readers to look inward
to their own lives, at who and what we use to navigate our place in the world.
As Albom states, whether we are musically inclined or not, our relationships
and connections ensure that "everyone joins a band in this life.” This is
a story of talent, of passion, of love and of the bonds we form throughout our
lives. A story that will stay with you long after the final page. Perfect for
bibliophiles and music lovers alike.</span></p></span></div></div>
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It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-90862451765755502602018-03-31T20:16:00.002-07:002020-04-23T11:50:46.570-07:00Winter Staple | Jobedu Hoodies<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: right;">Image Source: <a href="http://www.mwahakikingphotography.com/" target="_blank">Mwahaki King Photography</a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">For today, I am discussing the </span><u style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="https://www.jobedu.com/" target="_blank">Jobedu</a></u><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> clothing line that I learned about while I was in Jordan. I was studying Arabic at the University of Jordan in Amman when some friends told me about this quirky store in Jabal Weibdeh that sold fun and interesting clothes that embodied the city’s growing youth culture. I had complimented the T-Shirt that one of my friends was wearing at the time; a black shirt adorned with the phrase “Parental Advisory: Jordanian Content”, and the conversation flowed from there. A few days later, a group of us were walking down the white cobbled streets of Jabal Weibdeh heading towards the Jobedu store. The buildings around us were all a similar blend of limestone and cement with a view of Downtown Amman in the distance, but we managed to find the store with ease. Outside, the powerful afternoon sun illuminated the streets, casting its light on roadside Nescafe and Tea vendors; but it left the Jobedu store in shadow making it difficult to see what lay inside. I pushed open the glass door and as my eyes adjusted to the light, I was enthralled by the brightly coloured fabrics that lined the walls from the floor to the ceiling. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">I was drawn to a hoodie with the company’s signature yellow logo of Jordan’s ubiquitous “Camel Crossing” road sign, set against jet black material.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">A month later, I left the city to spend a few days in the desert at </span><u style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://wadirum.jo/" target="_blank">Wadi Rum</a></u><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">. I spent my days climbing rocks and my nights under a blanket of stars; and I was eager to purchase Jobedu’s clever "Wadi Rum and Coke" hoodie on my return. Besides, I would need something to keep me warm when I went on another jaunt into the desert for camel riding a few weeks later. Sitting with red sand beneath your feet and the endless night sky above you has a beautiful way of alleviating your worldly concerns and demonstrating how small those problems are in the wide expanse of time and space; but as captivating as they are, those desert nights can get awfully chilly!</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Since my time in Jordan, Jobedu has opened another shop in Abdoun and ships internationally through their <u><a href="https://www.jobedu.com/en" target="_blank">online store</a></u>. They have just released their new winter collection and I’m excited to see what their illustrators and designers have come up with this year. So far, I have my eye on the </span><u style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="https://www.jobedu.com/shop/item/1/free%D8%AF%D9%85/type,unisex#.WCKer_krLIU" target="_blank">“Freedom”</a></u><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> sweatshirt, the </span><u style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="https://www.jobedu.com/shop/item/1483/just-chillin/type_unisex/product_hoodies/style_regular#.WCKfuvkrLIU" target="_blank">“Just Chillin”</a> </u><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> hoodie and the hoodie that phonetically asks the question we all have when life gets too hard, strange or just plain random: <u><a href="https://www.jobedu.com/en/shop/item/238/wathafuk-1/unisex/hoodies/regular#.WFVNDPkrLIU" target="_blank">"Wathafuk (WTF)?"</a></u></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">They also have <u><a href="https://www.jobedu.com/shop/category/men/Cap/Flat-Brim" target="_blank">caps</a></u> now, which didn't exist when I was there but I think is a great addition to the merchandise. Personally, I like the look of all of them but I might have to snatch up the <u><a href="https://www.jobedu.com/shop/category/men/cap/trucher/all-colors/all-size" target="_blank">“Habibi”</a></u> one before it’s gone.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">If you couldn’t tell by now, I absolutely love clothes that have some sort of funny, cool saying on them; so naturally over the course of six months I stocked up on several Jobedu items. However, it is their hoodies that have become a winter staple for me. The material is soft and cosy, without being too bulky; the perfect thing to warm you up on a cold winter's day!</span><br />
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It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-51134817490415356602018-03-31T20:07:00.001-07:002020-04-22T09:44:18.525-07:00MEJU: The Captivating Culinary Delight in Davis Square<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #222222; text-align: left;">A short walk down the hill from Tufts University, on the outskirts of Boston, quickly brings you into the bustling streets of Davis Square. There you will find the welcoming aroma of freshly brewed coffee, mingled with the sweet and spicy scent of enchiladas wafting up from the Painted Burro Mexican restaurant. Into this delightful mix of</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms"; line-height: normal; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; text-align: left;">sights and sounds comes a</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms"; line-height: normal; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; text-align: left;">Korean restaurant to rival any of the culinary competition on the block.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Aptly named "Meju" due to its prevalent use of the popular ingredient throughout its menu; the dishes that come out of this kitchen are so delectable they’ll have you planning your next visit before you've even finished the appetizer. Speaking of starters, Meju has a great selection ranging from traditional dumplings to scallion pancakes, spicy rice cakes and sweet potato fries. A personal favourite is the restaurant’s fusion take on Korean buns. These fluffy, feather-soft buns are</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms"; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="font-kerning: none;">dripping in bright orange sauce filled with succulent pork and delectable cream cheese and pickles.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">As for entrees, Menu has several options or “Big Plates” and you certainly can’t go wrong with the Kimchi Fried Rice.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms"; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-kerning: none; font-size: large;">After coming in from the cold on a chilly New England night, this warm bowl of rice, crunchy scallions and spicy homemade kimchi complete with my choice of shrimp or chicken and topped off with a bright yellow fried egg, was just the thing to defrost my frigid bones and put a smile on my face. Last time, I went with shrimp, but I see that they have since added bacon as an option, so I'm definitely going to head back and give this a go!</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">A novel and interesting item on the menu is the optional side order of purple rice. While I haven’t tried it yet, several of my friends have and couldn’t really tell the difference between it and the regular rice, in terms of taste. So, if you’re looking for something daring and new to excite your taste buds then you may want to pass on the purple rice. However, if you’re interested in something visually unique and aesthetically pleasing then definitely give it a try. One’s attitude towards the purple rice ultimately boils down to what they expect to gain from a dining experience.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none; font-size: large;">Moving on to a definite crowd pleaser: The Cocktail Selection</span><br />
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<span style="font-kerning: none; font-size: large;">The signature Meju Mule is made with Soju:“Korea’s most popular alcoholic beverage”, ginger beer, sun-dried pepper and lime. These subtle yet crisp flavors blend harmoniously to make an exquisite complement to any meal. So if you’re not where to start on the menu, this drink is the perfect place to begin.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Another inspired creation is the Thai Basil Gimlet. </span>The fresh basil used in the Gimlet heightens the texture of the gin, creating a robust, full-bodied flavour with a smooth finish. Definitely, worth a try especially if you are an avid gin-drinker.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj48A_q549kQ_VBk3TkPKQFXrSLcou1ee3PSUvtd8BN-GOgi3-L-0hc1pMAGr_BkY9x2Kb-Ehu8d6CaNCRDobnAZmj_hxMOVNRj-da8U0lEoaWF-GgTra7po7pO-KXauFNveTvj_ICiyeAU/s1600/Citron+Gin+Sparkler+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="900" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj48A_q549kQ_VBk3TkPKQFXrSLcou1ee3PSUvtd8BN-GOgi3-L-0hc1pMAGr_BkY9x2Kb-Ehu8d6CaNCRDobnAZmj_hxMOVNRj-da8U0lEoaWF-GgTra7po7pO-KXauFNveTvj_ICiyeAU/s400/Citron+Gin+Sparkler+2.jpg" width="225" /></span></a><span style="font-kerning: none; font-size: large;">If you think the Gimlet may be too strong for you, I would suggest the Citron Gin Sparkler. While both contain gin, the splash of Prosecco in the Sparkler creates a very delicate drink that is dangerously refreshing. The flavours of honey, citrus and sparkling wine so expertly mask the power of the gin that you could easily drink five of them and end up dancing on the tables before you know it. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">Overall, the warm ambience, fantastic food and decadent drinks on display at Meju make the it just the place for a romantic date, dinner out with friends or just drinks with the girls. This is a difficult balance for one restaurant to strike, but I believe Meju does so with ease.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">*Pro-tip to my fellow blogger/Insta-foodie friends: The lighting in Meju is rather dim and can prove challenge for the average smart phone camera in the evenings, s</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">o be sure to bring along something that is capable of getting great shots in low light*</span></span></div>
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It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-60619442698195570152018-03-31T19:59:00.004-07:002023-02-19T16:02:32.847-08:00The Future is Looking Bright: A Review of Protoje's Album, Ancient Future<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Originally published September 2016</span><br />
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Ancient Future Album Cover</div>
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<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">From the outset of <a href="http://www.protoje.com" target="_blank">Protoje</a>'s album, </span><i style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Ancient
Future</i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">, with the opening song “Protection”, the album carries with it a raw,
honest quality that immediately invites the listener on an intimate and
exciting journey. This continues to shine through in the reflective, "All
Will Have to Change" and is further expressed through the tales of
love-lost heard in "Love Gone Cold” and “Stylin'."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i>Protection:</i></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exTI78xJxks"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exTI78xJxks"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/exTI78xJxks" width="320" youtube-src-id="exTI78xJxks"></iframe></a></div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exTI78xJxks"><br /></a><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i>All Will Have to Change:</i> </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQ4Y4iKW55k"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QQ4Y4iKW55k" width="320" youtube-src-id="QQ4Y4iKW55k"></iframe></a></div><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><i style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> Stylin’:</i></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8loYxzB1_fg"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8loYxzB1_fg"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8loYxzB1_fg" width="320" youtube-src-id="8loYxzB1_fg"></iframe></a></div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8loYxzB1_fg"><br /></a><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i>Love Gone Cold:</i> </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P1u31haYGSU"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P1u31haYGSU"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/P1u31haYGSU" width="320" youtube-src-id="P1u31haYGSU"></iframe></a></div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P1u31haYGSU"><br /></a><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ancient Future</span></i><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> is an aptly named, searing look
into Jamaica's history and what can be surmised about the nation's future,
based on the mistakes of the past. This message comes home starkly in the
track “Criminal” with its reference to the murder of musical and social
icon, Peter Tosh, and is further echoed in the collaborative single
“Sudden Flight” with Jesse Royal and songstress Sevana; a song which highlights
the dangers and hypocrisy of garrison politics </span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/6179684453476564697/6061944269819557015"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Georgia, serif; text-decoration-line: none;">[1]</span></a><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><i style="font-family: Georgia, serif; text-align: center;">Criminal:</i></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CbRW9U2Oj7U" width="320" youtube-src-id="CbRW9U2Oj7U"></iframe></div><i style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><i style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br /></i></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><i>Sudden Flight:</i></p></i><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGSpIBZI5u4"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGSpIBZI5u4"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/qGSpIBZI5u4" width="320" youtube-src-id="qGSpIBZI5u4"></iframe></a></div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGSpIBZI5u4"><br /><br /></a><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">The eleven songs on this album, with
references to Walter Rodney and Marcus Garvey, but also to
notorious gang leaders like Claude Massop, weave intriguing and insightful
stories that expertly analyse the complexity of the nation's strengths and
weaknesses; her frailty and beauty. A beauty which is on full display in
the video for the smash hit “Who Knows”, performed with Protoje’s compatriot,
Chronixx.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i>Who Knows:</i> </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzqFmXZ8tOE"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzqFmXZ8tOE"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/hzqFmXZ8tOE" width="320" youtube-src-id="hzqFmXZ8tOE"></iframe></a></div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzqFmXZ8tOE"><br /><br /></a><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Above all, <i>Ancient Future</i> is a
musical exploration between the past and present that pays homage to the
Jamaican musicians that paved the way for Protoje and his colleagues. This
respect, coupled with Protoje's skillful storytelling is seen most obviously in
his infectious contemporary take on Prince Buster's "Girl Answer to
Your Name":<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />Prince Buster’s original, <i>“Girl Answer to Your Name”:</i> </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkR0ksTGI8I"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkR0ksTGI8I"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/IkR0ksTGI8I" width="320" youtube-src-id="IkR0ksTGI8I"></iframe></a></div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkR0ksTGI8I"><br /><br /></a><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Protoje’s, <i>“Answer to Your Name”: </i></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0fNQ6hmwtQ"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0fNQ6hmwtQ"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/w0fNQ6hmwtQ" width="320" youtube-src-id="w0fNQ6hmwtQ"></iframe></a></div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0fNQ6hmwtQ"><br /><br /></a><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Rastafarian culture imbues every song
on the album. However, its presence is most prominent in the marijuana-centric,
“<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44m38Lp5zbc&ab_channel=In.Digg.NationCollective" target="_blank">Bubblin’</a>” and the introspective “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mngMDY4dbI&ab_channel=In.Digg.NationCollective" target="_blank">The Flame</a>”. “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mngMDY4dbI&ab_channel=In.Digg.NationCollective" target="_blank">The Flame</a>” provides an intimate
window into the soul of the man behind the music. The lyrics demonstrate that
his passion and dedication to this art form are paramount:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“I
rather be spiritually attained than critically acclaimed…Whatever that dem
saying, whoever that dem claim coulda never know my pain and never bear my
strain…Application ah within, supplication ah to Him. Then it becomes less
about the tune dem weh ah spin, but the knowing that the work was the best it
could’ve been. Having the team deh pon the road ah tour with me, nuh mean a
thing if the message nuh have the purity. And so, me stay substance over hype.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Protoje's lyricism and musical
dexterity have made him one of the most dynamic voices in a highly talented new
generation of reggae performers. His Coachella performance this spring was the
product of hard work, diligence and commitment to his craft. It is clear
from <i>Ancient Future</i> that Protoje’s popularity and the power of
his music will only intensify, and to paraphrase the artist himself, there is
certainly no way that Babylon can out this flame. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><u><br /></u></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><u><br /></u></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhq43d3TRs5TIdEd4NzZfK9FkNAWMWPr4saB27hLWEYClKQs6BHb9oF4d1nENJhXHKnM9M9xyqBDucIGe8ol9Xge11OWKZuNVfKlKhwhJZFki_PsKx2VWl_zidfLR4hEY35cSDk_8wPrBV/s1600/Ancient+Future+CD.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="627" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhq43d3TRs5TIdEd4NzZfK9FkNAWMWPr4saB27hLWEYClKQs6BHb9oF4d1nENJhXHKnM9M9xyqBDucIGe8ol9Xge11OWKZuNVfKlKhwhJZFki_PsKx2VWl_zidfLR4hEY35cSDk_8wPrBV/s640/Ancient+Future+CD.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="file:///G:/Blogs/Ancient%20Future%20Final.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 12.84px;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;"> Since Jamaica’s independence in 1962, governance has been dominated by two political parties: the People’s National Party (PNP) and the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">In the late 1960s both parties began to create “garrison communities” to secure political votes and seats in parliament. Garrison communities were towns and neighbourhoods controlled by gang leaders or “dons” who ensured the community’s loyalty to a specific political party through extortion and violence towards its residents. In return, these “dons” received financial rewards from the political party with which they were affiliated, and thus maintained a profound level of power within the community. According to Rupert Lewis in <i>“Party Politics and the Extradition of Christopher “Dudus” Coke”:</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">Some 20 per cent of all constituencies and approximately 60 per cent of all urban constituencies have already been fully or partially garrisoned. Within a political constituency, a garrison is an area controlled by a leader or don who dispenses scarce benefits and violence in order to keep the constituents aligned to a particular party. This control enables an electoral candidate to win the seat by a large majority and become the Member of Parliament. Garrisons are therefore a central part of the political system because they provide “safe” political seats. Moreover, garrison constituents may assist in the task of political mobilization in other constituencies. Tivoli Gardens has been the main symbol of a garrison, but it is one of several and was deemed special, largely because it was well-armed and organized, had its own mechanisms for dispensing justice, and was informally outside the purview of the state until May 2010. The extradition of Coke and the subordination of Tivoli Gardens to the rule of law are the first major assaults on garrison politics and the power of dons whose financial and gun power give them influence, putting them in a position to significantly determine the outcomes of both local and national politics. (p.41)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">Source: Lewis, Rupert. “Party Politics in Jamaica and the Extradition of Christopher “Dudus” Coke”. <i>The Global South</i> 6.1 (2012): 38–54; </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;"><a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/globalsouth.6.1.38">http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/globalsouth.6.1.38</a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-45976521414535500422018-03-28T16:52:00.002-07:002020-04-23T11:39:43.082-07:00Trouble in Paradise: Natural Disaster Preparation in Jamaica: Looking at Flooding, Landslides and Human Vulnerability<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8bz8s9FtWyWrBaP1s9S6iExkxL4SYKQlAiASPVls1-l18IpOivruf8fgi8O4abUAvDrIBGAFW-rKPXRv4TxRZcxMsKBDZnq-SCSzNdhYXcC4Pp0ZaRlyAT_J4PJ2OwiXNiWFB3QIKOSiG/s1600/Trouble+in+Paradise_NaturalDisasterPrepJA_MwahakiKing_JPEG.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8bz8s9FtWyWrBaP1s9S6iExkxL4SYKQlAiASPVls1-l18IpOivruf8fgi8O4abUAvDrIBGAFW-rKPXRv4TxRZcxMsKBDZnq-SCSzNdhYXcC4Pp0ZaRlyAT_J4PJ2OwiXNiWFB3QIKOSiG/s1600/Trouble+in+Paradise_NaturalDisasterPrepJA_MwahakiKing_JPEG.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The above poster was made by Mwahaki King for the GIS at Tufts University Poster Exhibition 2016 (GIS@Tufts) and has also been published on the GIS@Tufts website here: </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://sites.tufts.edu/gis/files/2016/01/King_Mwahaki_MCM1009_2016.pdf">https://sites.tufts.edu/gis/files/2016/01/King_Mwahaki_MCM1009_2016.pdf</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The purpose of the project was to ascertain high risk areas and thus areas prioritisation in Jamaica during natural disasters; specifically landslides, flooding and hurricanes. High risk areas were determined primarily by weak housing infrastructure, access to hospitals and environmental factors such as the slope of the terrain and proximity to rivers.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The maps were made by Mwahaki King using ArcGIS software and the poster itself was produced using Microsoft Publisher.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><u><br /></u></span>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><u>Data Sources:</u></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">GDAM, DIVA-GIS, CARISKA</span></span></div>
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<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(5, 99, 193); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #0563c1; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: black; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">GDAM: <a href="http://www.gadm.org/"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(5, 99, 193); color: #0563c1;">http://www.gadm.org/</span></a></span></span></li>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(5, 99, 193); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #0563c1; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: black; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">DIVA-GIS <a href="http://www.diva-gis.org/gdata"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(5, 99, 193); color: #0563c1;">http://www.diva-gis.org/gdata</span></a></span></span></li>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="font-kerning: none;">CARISKA (N.B. This website is originally in French) <span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(5, 99, 193); color: #0563c1;"><a href="http://ckan.c-read.net/fr/organization/cariska">http://ckan.c-read.net/fr/organization/cariska</a></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The accompanying paper can be found below, which further outlines Jamaica's environmental background, conclusions, recommendations and limitations of the project.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Mwahaki King</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">May 2016</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-kerning: none;">B.A. Diplomacy and World Affairs || Occidental College</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-kerning: none;">M.A. Law and Diplomacy || The Fletcher School, Tufts University </span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Natural Disaster Preparation in Jamaica: Looking at Flooding, Landslides and Human Vulnerability</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">INTRODUCTION</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Jamaica is largely susceptible to hurricanes, with a specific hurricane season running from June 1 – November 30. Even without the development of an actual hurricane there can be severe devastation due to flooding and landslides. “It has been estimated that…some US$15 million are spent annually to repair the landslide damage to roads alone”[1] and for historical and socio-economic reasons, both rural and urban areas have large squatter settlements that are severely impacted by these environmental hazards. The settlements are usually on precarious pieces of land highly susceptible to flooding or landslides; and due to the harsh economic reality of the inhabitants, usually very poorly built structures. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The nature of squatter settlements in Jamaica is tied to the nation’s history of slavery and the socio-economic climate that followed emancipation and apprenticeship in 1838: As Jimmy Tindigarukayo elucidates in <i>“The Squatter Problem in Jamaica”</i>:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Jamaica has had a long history of squatting, dating as far back as the emancipation period in the 19th century. After the abolition of slavery in 1833, systematic attempts were made by the owners of plantations and the colonial administration in Jamaica to ensure that the newly freed slaves had no easy access to land…The termination of the apprenticeship system in 1838 relieved former slaves of any legal obligation to work for their former masters. This then led to their voluntary exodus from plantations to subsistence agriculture, utilizing small holdings acquired either through purchase or through illegal occupation. The labour shortage on plantations resulting from this mass exodus led to the abandonment of estates by some planters which, in turn, created idle lands. This together with vacant crown land, enticed the landless former slaves to acquire more illegal holdings for both building homes and for subsistence agriculture. Thus a stage was set for what later came to be known as "the squatting problem" in Jamaica. In fact, by 1866 squatting had become institutionalized as a form of land tenure in Jamaica [2].</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Furthermore, rural to urban migration, housing shortages, economic hardships, political support [3] and the availability of idle land [4] have only amplified the squatter community presence in the modern era.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">According to the Jamaican Ministry of Transport, Works and Housing “one quarter of Jamaica’s population (675,000) live in squatter settlements. Estimates also indicate that one in every three urban dwellers live in squatter settlements. Settlements are characterized by lack of/poor sanitation, inadequate physical infrastructure/poor quality housing, impoverished dwellings, high levels of unemployment and underemployment”[5]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Spatial questions attempting to answer:</span></i></span></div>
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<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="font-kerning: none;">What areas are prone to flooding and do vulnerable populations live in or near these areas?</span></span></li>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="font-kerning: none;">What areas are prone to landslides and do vulnerable population live in or near these areas?</span></span></li>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="font-kerning: none;">How far are vulnerable populations from hospitals in the case of emergency during either of the disasters outlined above?</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Purpose:</i> The goal of the analysis is to establish the High Risk Areas specifically for Vulnerable Populations. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Thus, given the poverty and weak infrastructure facing squatter communities, as well as the key role they play in the nation’s political framework and the large percentage of the population that they comprise; squatter communities were the vulnerable population at the center of this analysis. The analysis attempts to address the environmental risk posed to these vulnerable communities by flooding and landslides and thus determine the areas of the country that present the highest risk for vulnerable populations. This will provide policy makers and environmental planners such as the Office of Disaster Preparedness, The Ministry of Transport, Works and Housing and National Environment Planning Agency with areas to prioritize when addressing disaster management.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Projection: </span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">All the maps used in the poster component of this project were done in the following projection:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Coordinate System: NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_18N</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Projection: Transverse_Mercator</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Linear Unit: Meter</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">METHODOLOGY</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To establish the High Risk Areas specifically for Vulnerable Populations, two elements needed to be addressed: a risk analysis related to landslides and flooding, and a vulnerability analysis related to the population that live in weak infrastructure and their proximity to hospitals in the event of an emergency. Separately, these two models provide important information for policy planning regarding environmental risks and human vulnerability, but addressed together they demonstrate the total high risk areas for vulnerable populations. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To Address the Weak Infrastructure Population and their Access to Hospitals</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">First, the Kernal Density Tool was used on the Squatter Housing Layer to create a new layer that would demonstrate the density of squatter communities nationwide. Then, using the Reclassify Tool, the Density layer was reclassified on a scale of 1 to 5, 1 representing a low concentration of communities with weak infrastructure and thus low vulnerability, and 5 representing a high concentration of such communities and thus a high vulnerability.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Similarly, the Kernal Density Tool was used on the Hospitals Layer to develop a new layer that would provide the density of hospitals nationwide and then this layer was re-classed on a scale of 1 – 5. The difference here being that 1 represented a low vulnerability because there were a high concentration of hospitals in that region and 5 represented a highly vulnerable areas due to the low concentration of hospitals. A low concentration of hospitals would make access to difficult to impossible in the event of an emergency. The Euclidean Distance Tool was also run on Hospital Data to determine the relative distance of hospitals.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To determine the Total (Unweighted) Vulnerability of The Weak Infrastructure Population, the reclassified Housing layer and the reclassified Hospital Layers were added into the Raster Calculator.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To Address the Environmental Risks</span></i></span></div>
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<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">FLOODING</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Euclidean Distance tool was run on the Rivers Layer to create a Distance to Rivers Layer, then reclassified on scale of 1 – 5, from lowest to highest risk. The DEM Elevation Layer was then reclassified on a scale of 1 – 5 from lowest to highest risk. It is important to note that during the reclassification, “Reverse New Values” needed to be used so that the lowest values (-3 meters to 200 meters) would be represented by a 5 demonstrating the extreme risk low elevations pose to increasing the likelihood of flooding. The Reclassified Distance to Rivers layer and the Reclassified Elevation layer were then added into the Raster Calculator to create the Total Risk of Flooding Layer.</span></span></div>
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<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">LANDSLIDES</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To determine the risk for landslides the DEM Elevation layer was used once again, but in this instance to obtain the danger posed by steep slopes. According to joint research between The University of the West Indies and the British Department for International Development (DFID), landslides tend to occur on slopes between 10 – 35 degrees, with different types of landslides occurring at varying degrees:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Rock falls occur most frequently where highly fractured rock occurs along road cuts with slopes greater than 30° …Debris falls are common across the area and can occur in weathered bedrock, lithosols and colluvial debris…on slopes of more than 20°…Earth slides are likely to occur on slopes above 10 - 15° [6]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As such slopes found in the analysis to be below 10 degrees were deemed to pose little to no risk in the development of landslides. To get the slope degrees and include them in the environmental risk analysis, the Slope Tool was used. The DEM layer was used as the Input Raster and the Output Measurement was set to DEGREE. The Slope Layer this step created was then reclassified on a scale of 1 – 5 with one being relatively gentle slopes which posed no threat of landslides and 4 and 5 being much steeper slopes which posed significant risk for the development of landslides (between 10 – 36° in this analysis).</span></span></div>
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<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAL RISK</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To determine the complete environmental risk that landslides and floods pose, the ‘Total Risk of Flooding” Layer and “Reclassified Slope” Layer were both added in the Raster Calculator.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To answer the original and overarching purpose of this analysis i.e. what are the high risk areas for vulnerable populations; the “Total Vulnerability of the Weak Infrastructure Population” Layer needed to be added with the “Total Environmental Risk” Layer, using the Raster Calculator. The scores that resulted from this calculation, from lowest to highest would demonstrate the areas of Jamaica that posed the least and the most risk to the nation’s most vulnerable citizens.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The table below was used to outline the necessary factors for analysis: </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Factors</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>1 Very Low Risk</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>2 Low Risk</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>3 Moderate Risk</b></span></div>
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<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 67.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>4 High Risk</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>5 Very High Risk</b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 81.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Distance to Rivers</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 73.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">> 25 miles</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 58.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">15 - 25 miles</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 68.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">5 - 15 miles</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 67.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">1 - 3 miles</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">< 1 mile</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 81.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Slope Degree</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 73.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">0 - 2 degrees</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 58.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">2 - 5 degrees</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 68.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">5 - 10 degrees</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 67.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">10 - 20 degrees</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">20 - 36 degrees</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 81.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Elevation</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 73.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">> 1000 m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 58.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">750 - 1000 m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 68.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">500 -750 m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 67.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">200 - 500 m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">< 200 m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 81.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Distance to Hospitals</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 73.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">< 0.5 miles</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 58.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">0.5 - 1 mile</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 68.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">1 - 3 miles</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 67.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">4 - 10 miles</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">> 10 miles</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 81.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Number of Hospitals</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 73.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">> 0.0742</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 58.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">0.0556 - 0.0742</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 68.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">0.03712 - 0.0556</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 67.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">0.01856 - 0.03712</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 29.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">0 - 0.01856</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 44.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 81.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Number of Squatter Communities</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 44.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 73.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">< 0.1548</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 44.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 58.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">0.1548 - 0.3097</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 44.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 68.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">0.3097 - 0.4645</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 44.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 67.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">0.4645 - 0.6194</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 44.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">0.6194 - 0.7743</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 8px; min-height: 15px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 8px;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">RESULTS & DISCUSSION</span></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 8px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Human Vulnerability:</span></i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 8px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The vulnerability score was calculated based on the Reclassified Housing and Reclassified Hospital layers. As the layers had been reclassified on a scale of 1 – 5, the vulnerability score was produced with a range of 3 – 15. Three represented the least vulnerable and 15 represented the most vulnerable communities. The vulnerability increased due to a lack of hospitals further up the scale.</span></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 8px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Environmental Risk:</span></i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 8px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The flooding risk score was calculated using the Reclassified River Layer and the Reclassified DEM Elevation Layer. As the layers had been reclassified on a scale of 1 – 5, the vulnerability score was produced with a range of 2 – 10. A new “Total Flooding Risk” Layer was created. Then this “Total Flooding Risk” Layer and the “Reclassified DEM Slope” Layer were added to the Raster Calculator to determine the Total Environmental Risk from both flooding and landslides. The DEM Slope had been reclassified on a scale of 1 – 5, so the scores for the “Total Environmental Risk” range from 3 – 15.</span></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 8px;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The final “High Risk Areas for Vulnerable Populations” Map was based on a raster calculation of “Total Human Vulnerability” and “Total Environmental Risk”. This produced a score of 6 – 30 with 6 providing the least risk and 30, the most. </span></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 8px;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 14.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 164.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 8px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>PARISH</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 14.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 109.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>RISK LEVEL</b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 33.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 164.0px;" valign="top"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;">Manchester, Kingston, St. Ann, St. Catherine</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Low</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Trelawny, Clarendon, Hanover, St. Andrew</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Moderate</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Westmoreland, St. James, St. Mary </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">High</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">St. Thomas, Portland</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Very High Priority/Critical </span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 8px;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The analysis showed that squatter communities in the parish of Manchester were the least at risk. While the communities are in a mountainous region, the steepness of the slope is actually rather small (between 0 – 9°) and as noted before landslides in Jamaica generally occur on slopes beginning at 10°. Additionally, there are more hospitals available in Manchester available to the surrounding communities than in Eastern parishes of Portland, St. Thomas or St. Mary. Thus, providing the Manchester communities with greater safety in the event of an emergency. There are also far fewer rivers in Manchester than in the Eastern region of the island, thus providing fewer potential sources of flooding. </span></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 8px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">While highly populated, the squatter communities in the capital Kingston, and neighboring St. Andrew are at a lower risk because of their closer proximity to hospitals and the relative flatness of the terrain. While a few settlements in St Andrew are located in mountainous areas, the majority of the Kingston and St. Andrew settlements are located in or around the Liguanea Plain beneath the mountains. Thus, several of the issues in those communities, while highly important, are man-made rather than natural hazards which come from the high density of the impoverished population, weak infrastructure and poor sanitation; such as crime and water borne diseases. Concerning environmental issues, greater attention needs to be paid to impoverished rural squatter communities, as will be discussed further in the Conclusion and future recommendations.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 8px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">CONCLUSION </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Limitations:</span></i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 8px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">It must be said that Jamaica data was exceedingly difficult to obtain. I was able to get population data, squatter community data, administrative data and some environmental data. Regarding the environment, I was able to utilize water and elevation data. However, I was not able to acquire soil data which would have given greater depth and complexity to the both the landslide and flooding analyses as different soil types can increase or decrease the likelihood of these disasters. Furthermore, while there are certainly economically vulnerable populations outside of squatter settlements, specific household income data was unavailable. This made it impossible to expand the analysis of economically vulnerable populations in this project, beyond the squatter communities. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 8px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Recommendations:</span></i></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 8px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To provide areas of prioritization for policy makers, The Zonal Statistics Tool was applied to the final “High Risk Areas for Vulnerable Populations” Layer to determine the average risk score per Jamaican parish. This demonstrated the necessity to prioritize government funding and resources in the rural parishes of Portland and St. Thomas as areas of highest concern. While these parishes have fewer squatter communities than Kingston or St. Andrew, the urban centers of the nation; the squatter communities in Portland and St. Thomas are far more vulnerable because they have little to no access to hospitals while living in areas that are extremely susceptible to both flooding and landslides due to the mountainous terrain and proximity to rivers. The government must focus on prioritizing the construction of hospitals in these areas, as both parishes only have one hospital each, compared to 14 in Kingston and St. Andrew.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">DATA SOURCES</span></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 8px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">GDAM, DIVA-GIS, CARISKA</span></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(5, 99, 193); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #0563c1; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: black; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">GDAM: <a href="http://www.gadm.org/"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(5, 99, 193); color: #0563c1;">http://www.gadm.org/</span></a></span></span></li>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(5, 99, 193); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #0563c1; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: black; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">DIVA-GIS <a href="http://www.diva-gis.org/gdata"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(5, 99, 193); color: #0563c1;">http://www.diva-gis.org/gdata</span></a></span></span></li>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="font-kerning: none;">CARISKA (N.B. This website is originally in French) <span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(5, 99, 193); color: #0563c1;"><a href="http://ckan.c-read.net/fr/organization/cariska">http://ckan.c-read.net/fr/organization/cariska</a></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">REFERENCES:</span></b></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Hall, Desmond. “Squatting in Jamaica: An Overview” <i>Department of Sociology, Psychology & Social Work </i>University of the West Indies, Mona Campus.</span></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(5, 99, 193); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #0563c1; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> << <a href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/89728192/Squatting-in-Jamaica"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(5, 99, 193); color: #0563c1;">https://www.scribd.com/doc/89728192/Squatting-in-Jamaica</span></a> >> <br />
</span></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Tindigarukayo, Jimmy. “The Squatter Problem in Jamaica”. <i>Social and Economic Studies</i> 51.4 (2002): 95–125. Retrieved from << <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/27865304"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(5, 99, 193); color: #0563c1;">http://www.jstor.org/stable/27865304</span></a> >></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 8px;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Northmore K J, Ahmed R, O’Connor E A, Greenbaum D, McDonald A J W, Jordan C J, Marchant A P, and Marsh S H. “Landslide Hazard Mapping: Jamaica Case Study” <i>British /Geological Survey, Department for International Development DFID, University of the West Indies</i>. Technical Report WC/00/10 Overseas Geology Series, DFID Project No. R6839. << <a href="http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/international/dfid-kar/WC00010_col.pdf"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(5, 99, 193); color: #0563c1;">http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/international/dfid-kar/WC00010_col.pdf</span></a> >> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>FOOTNOTES:</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">1. Northmore K J, Ahmed R, O’Connor E A, Greenbaum D, McDonald A J W, Jordan C J, Marchant A P, and Marsh
S H. “Landslide Hazard Mapping: Jamaica Case Study” <span style="font-style: italic;">British Geological Survey, Department for International
Development DFID, University of the West Indies</span>. p.4 </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">2. Tindigarukayo, Jimmy. “The Squatter Problem in Jamaica”. <span style="font-style: italic;">Social and Economic Studies </span>pp.99 - 100</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">3. “Because squatters are many and concentrated in some specific areas, they have increasingly become attractive to
the two major political parties in Jamaica. As a survival strategy, almost every squatter settlement in Jamaica has
had to declare its political allegiance to either the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) or the Peoples' National Party (PNP),
especially during elections. And to ensure continued loyalties, party leaders have often supported and enhanced the
activities their respective squatter clientele” Tindigarukayo, Jimmy. “The Squatter Problem in Jamaica”. <span style="font-style: italic;">Social and
Economic Studies </span>pp. 101 - 102</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">4. Tindigarukayo, Jimmy. “The Squatter Problem in Jamaica”. <span style="font-style: italic;">Social and Economic Studies </span>pp. 101 - 102</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">5. Hall, Desmond. “Squatting in Jamaica: An Overview” Department of Sociology, Psychology & Social Work <<
<span style="color: #0563c1;">https://www.scribd.com/doc/89728192/Squatting-in-Jamaica </span>>> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">6. Northmore K J, Ahmed R, O’Connor E A, Greenbaum D, McDonald A J W, Jordan C J, Marchant A P, and
Marsh S H. “Landslide Hazard Mapping: Jamaica Case Study” <span style="font-style: italic;">British Geological Survey, Department for
International Development DFID, University of the West Indies</span>. pp 14 -18</span><br />
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It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-67130208651539325692018-03-28T15:45:00.000-07:002020-04-01T13:48:18.106-07:00China Wind Farm Suitability Analysis<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The above maps were made by Mwahaki King in May 2016, using raster data in ArcGIS. Mwahaki King performed by an unweighted and a weighted suitability analysis to determine optimal locations for a wind farm facility in China, north of Beijing. In both suitability analyses the suitability of a wind farm facility was dependent on the following criteria:<br />
<br />
1. The site needed to be close to high wind areas<br />
2. It must be close to existing power lines<br />
3. It must be far from the The Great Wall of China so as not to disrupt tourism<br />
4. It must be on fairly level land i.e. a low slope is preferable<br />
<br />
In the unweighted suitability analysis, these criteria were assessed on a system of 1 - 5, with the lowest score and thus worst location having a score of 4 and the best location having a score of 20.<br />
<br />
In the weighted analysis, these criteria were assessed by importance. Distance to high wind areas was deemed to be the most important and weighted at 50%. Second, was distance to power lines, weighted at 25%. Third, was distance from The Great Wall weighted at 12.5%. The final factor was slope, also weighted at 12.5%. This produced a grid of 1 - 5. One being the least ideal location for a wind farm facility and five being the best.<br />
<br />
<u>Data Sources:</u><br />
ESRI<br />
Gfk (Tufts University GIS has a license for this data and these maps were made as a part of Tufts University GIS coursework)<br />
National Renewable Energy Lab</div>
It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-40379491127764413882018-03-28T15:19:00.000-07:002020-04-01T13:47:41.499-07:00Ozone Concentration, California<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAQWER7ECWrvoqIcPT_lkiEsoE0gTk_PG2TahmTRJx0TWxZLR0-bAHL8vHs1UPF4_ixAh0mgYXMNXqDKlsJNc_sNpVLJbAmR0n4OJbWZg6PRslyB_NV-tYhyphenhyphentrGPeLOyuk66kbK4v-dXof/s1600/OzonePredictionMap_MwahakiKing_JPEG.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAQWER7ECWrvoqIcPT_lkiEsoE0gTk_PG2TahmTRJx0TWxZLR0-bAHL8vHs1UPF4_ixAh0mgYXMNXqDKlsJNc_sNpVLJbAmR0n4OJbWZg6PRslyB_NV-tYhyphenhyphentrGPeLOyuk66kbK4v-dXof/s1600/OzonePredictionMap_MwahakiKing_JPEG.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "roboto" , sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">The above map was created by Mwahaki King on April 13, 2016, using</span><span style="background-color: white;"> ArcGIS Interpolation Tools to demonstrate ozone </span>concentration in California and areas of concern. <span style="background-color: white;">The most recent data available to the cartographer at the time of the map's creation was from the year 2007. </span>The California data was provided by the California State GIS Department. <span style="background-color: white;">The ozone dataset was provided by the California Air </span>Resources Board and represents the concentration of ozone measured on September 6, 2007 between 3:00PM - 4:00PM in parts per million (ppm). </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">From the ozone point samples (measurements), Mwahaki King produced a continuous surface predicting the value of ozone concentration for every location in the state of California. Often, it is not the actual values of a certain critical health risk that are of concern, but rather whether the values are <b><i>above a certain toxic level</i></b>. If this occurs, immediate action should be taken.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">For this project, the critical threshold was determined to be any ozone value <b><i>above 0.09ppm</i></b> as this is California State's ambient air quality standard for hourly measurements. Any location with an ozone concentrate above 0.09 should be closely monitored.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><u>Data Sources:</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">California Air Resources Board</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">California State GIS Department</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">ESRI Data Maps</span><br />
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It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-16394738054673992332018-03-24T20:57:00.001-07:002020-04-01T13:47:13.932-07:00Suitable Farm Land, Groton MA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD18muqMXqz1PK62S9DPWQkbcQNniZWhWd9d6K-QMmEC-peDmrHhpGNkttj5N1ameTgPT8YLA08YFTR9pbuquRIrFWQ5l1dCKU1f1j0RAFaDzN8OHRkrXkMOrHSsLKqUc-zQ3jdCDwpDhT/s1600/Groton_Farm_Suitability_Mwahaki_King_JPEG.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1237" data-original-width="1600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD18muqMXqz1PK62S9DPWQkbcQNniZWhWd9d6K-QMmEC-peDmrHhpGNkttj5N1ameTgPT8YLA08YFTR9pbuquRIrFWQ5l1dCKU1f1j0RAFaDzN8OHRkrXkMOrHSsLKqUc-zQ3jdCDwpDhT/s1600/Groton_Farm_Suitability_Mwahaki_King_JPEG.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
The above map was created by Mwahaki King in March 2016, using vector analysis in ArcGIS software to determine suitable farmland in Groton, Massachusetts.<br />
<br />
The Suitability Criteria were as follows:<br />
Farm Land must:<br />
1. Have a minimum lot size of two acres<br />
2. Not be on wetlands<br />
3. Be land that is suitable for agricultural activities<br />
4. Have prime farm land soil that is good for farming<br />
<br />
The most recent data available to the cartographer at the time of the map's creation was from the year 2005.<br />
<br />
<b><u>Data Sources:</u></b><br />
MassGIS<br />
ESRI</div>
It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-86087544898898120162018-03-24T20:08:00.002-07:002020-04-22T12:32:26.971-07:00Households with a Computer, South Africa<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE2iy75f7JGtN6EJzorl0Fa5QN8nqrzr0qG1BVzMhulCQW3huR2VTeopQXRUnrMxkv0RNs98V3K8iwmoGtlLeW_7X1t5FdryDh8X7SHNOtbet1XEcXTSdgQaayhTODMMbRRFw5Qh-ODjrW/s1600/Household+Computers+South+Africa_Mwahaki_King_JPEG.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1237" data-original-width="1600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE2iy75f7JGtN6EJzorl0Fa5QN8nqrzr0qG1BVzMhulCQW3huR2VTeopQXRUnrMxkv0RNs98V3K8iwmoGtlLeW_7X1t5FdryDh8X7SHNOtbet1XEcXTSdgQaayhTODMMbRRFw5Qh-ODjrW/s1600/Household+Computers+South+Africa_Mwahaki_King_JPEG.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">The above map was created by Mwahaki King using ArcGIS software on February 24, 2016 to demonstrate the percentage of households in South Africa with a computer in the home, by municipality. The most recent data available to the cartographer at the time of the map's creation was from the year 2001.</span><br style="font-size: 15px;" /><br style="font-size: 15px;" /><b style="font-size: 15px;"><u>Data Sources:</u></b><br style="font-size: 15px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">Statistics South Africa</span><br style="font-size: 15px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">ESRI</span><br style="font-size: 15px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">US National Park Service</span></span></div>
It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-64192457351555676642018-03-24T20:03:00.000-07:002018-03-24T20:34:01.483-07:00African-American Renters in Suffolk County, MA <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG56QfEiSzCTpBsemk8Q2084BU-AFnWbMaXTN13ROGxhsUGDEhhzTaCxNCtiaHFW3qSbgeXa5cPoMJW6iZU4ogj3G35nd8IGogUF58Gmd0qr7Mdsg7kUTefNtPslPQIMOLUDalzae1aBoz/s1600/African_American_Renters_Mwahaki_King_JPEG.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG56QfEiSzCTpBsemk8Q2084BU-AFnWbMaXTN13ROGxhsUGDEhhzTaCxNCtiaHFW3qSbgeXa5cPoMJW6iZU4ogj3G35nd8IGogUF58Gmd0qr7Mdsg7kUTefNtPslPQIMOLUDalzae1aBoz/s1600/African_American_Renters_Mwahaki_King_JPEG.jpg" /></a></div>
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The above map was created by Mwahaki King using ArcGIS software on February 23, 2016 to demonstrate the percentage of African-American renters in Suffolk County Massachusetts, in relation to total renter population. The most recent geographic, housing and ethnic data available to the cartographer at the time of the map's creation was from the year 2010.<br />
<br />
<b><u>Data Sources:</u></b><br />
Census.gov<br />
ESRI Data Maps</div>
It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-73072143504364253162018-03-24T19:14:00.000-07:002018-03-24T20:15:23.509-07:00High Income Households, South Africa<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3F4aXC-gMg4VMRUUTR5Yzp2kJ4tplvcq8_R45-zD6GlhtBxPSra5_RVxAUFQtOvzVIQ_oWWbHSc85rBhXReb2PulC8b-evyBdFBGbNF73hqsXbxlsSa5Lz2CnjMgR-hYcx57jKGRPii7j/s1600/High_Income_Households_South+Africa_Mwahaki_King_JPEG.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1237" data-original-width="1600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3F4aXC-gMg4VMRUUTR5Yzp2kJ4tplvcq8_R45-zD6GlhtBxPSra5_RVxAUFQtOvzVIQ_oWWbHSc85rBhXReb2PulC8b-evyBdFBGbNF73hqsXbxlsSa5Lz2CnjMgR-hYcx57jKGRPii7j/s1600/High_Income_Households_South+Africa_Mwahaki_King_JPEG.jpg" /></a></div>
The above map was created by Mwahaki King using ArcGIS software on February 24, 2016 to demonstrate the percentage of high income households in South Africa, by municipality. The most recent geographic and financial data available to the cartographer at the time of the map's creation was from the year 2001.<br />
<br />
<b><u>Data Sources:</u></b><br />
Statistics South Africa<br />
ESRI<br />
US National Park Service</div>
It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6179684453476564697.post-62217107295210250392018-03-24T18:42:00.000-07:002018-06-04T19:46:32.354-07:00Haiti Livelihood Zones<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD3e8mTYQIRd69tRCZovWzK1DkytdFDBVwg8lMZcbR0shDeARKXjrFIkgUHRmYK8udgZkEzWAqroxeagVpELCPk3E4qGZDXaUhgBQsZmQxjVJeMjCBtTjCiJS10MP1qCL81CWkuOK6TbEt/s1600/Haiti_Livelihoods_Mwahaki_King_JPEG.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1237" data-original-width="1600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD3e8mTYQIRd69tRCZovWzK1DkytdFDBVwg8lMZcbR0shDeARKXjrFIkgUHRmYK8udgZkEzWAqroxeagVpELCPk3E4qGZDXaUhgBQsZmQxjVJeMjCBtTjCiJS10MP1qCL81CWkuOK6TbEt/s1600/Haiti_Livelihoods_Mwahaki_King_JPEG.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The above map was created by Mwahaki King on February 17, 2016, using ArcGis software and the most recent data at the time from <a href="http://www.fews.net/" target="_blank">FEWS NET Data Center</a> regarding livelihood zones in Haiti. Livelihood zones are specific geographic regions of a country in which people share the same environmental conditions, similar income and access to food and marketplaces. Given these components of livelihood zones, they are an important tool non-profits and aid agencies when analysing food security in developing countries and areas to prioritise.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><u><b><br /></b></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><u><b>Data Sources:</b></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">FEWSNet</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">ESRI</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">GIST</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">USAid</span></div>
It's a King Thinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09589271039780565499noreply@blogger.com